Everything about Edward Cardwell 1st Viscount Cardwell Of Ellerbeck totally explained
Edward Cardwell, 1st Viscount Cardwell,
PC (
24 July 1813–
15 February 1886) was a prominent
British politician in the
Peelite and
Liberal parties during the middle of the 19th century.
Cardwell grew up in
Liverpool and took his degree from
Balliol College, Oxford in
1835. His early career was as a lawyer–he was called to the bar in
1838–but he soon took an interest in politics, and became the
MP for
Clitheroe in
Lancashire in
1842.
In
Parliament, Cardwell became a follower and confidante of
Robert Peel, the
Prime Minister. When Peel split the
Conservative Party in
1846 over the issue of repealing the
Corn Laws, Cardwell followed Peel, and became a member of the Peelite faction.
When the Peelites came to power in
1852,
Lord Aberdeen made Cardwell the
President of the Board of Trade, a position he held until
1855.
During these years, Cardwell moved from seat to seat in Parliament. In
1847, he was elected as MP for
Liverpool. In 1852, he lost elections for Liverpool and for
Ayrshire, but won a seat at
Oxford. In
1858, he was defeated for the Oxford seat, but a second election for the seat was held shortly after, which he won (beating
William Makepeace Thackeray).
The Peelite faction disintegrated in the late 1850s, and Cardwell officially became a Liberal in
1859, joining
Palmerston's cabinet as
Chief Secretary for Ireland. Unhappy in that position, he moved two years later to another cabinet post,
Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. A second move within the cabinet came in
1864, when Cardwell became the
Secretary of State for the Colonies, a position he kept until the Liberals were turned out of office in
1866.
When the Liberals returned to power under
Gladstone in
the 1868 election, Cardwell reached the peak of his career, as Gladstone's
Secretary of State for War. During his six years in the post, in what became known as "
Cardwell reforms", Cardwell reorganized the
British army, introduced professional standards for officers (including advancement by merit rather than
purchase), and formed a home reserve force.
After Gladstone's defeat in
the 1874 election, Cardwell was raised to the peerage as
Viscount Cardwell, of Ellerbeck. His ennoblement ended his active political career.
Cardwell died in
Torquay. He had married the former Annie Parker in
1838, but left no children, which meant that his title became extinct.
The town
Cardwell in tropical north
Queensland,
Australia was named after him.
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